Garbage truck



Ma" 30 1950V F. BlszANTz A 2,509,388

GARBAGE TRUCK Filed Feb. 1, 194e 5 sheets-sheet' l INVERTER FRED BISZANTZ EFE May 30, 19,50 F, BlsZAN-rz 2,509,388

GARBAGE TRUCK Filed Feb. l, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 LNVENTDR F RED BISZANTZ @www RTTDRNET-EE May 30, 1950 F. BlszANTz 2,509,388

GARBAGE TRUCK Filed Feb. l, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTDE FRED BISZANTZ HT'TD RNEHJE @www N May 30, 1950 F. BlszANTz 2,509,388

GARBAGE TRUCK ll'ledfeb. 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FITTO RNEHE May 30, 1950 F. BlszANTz 2,509,388

GARBAGE TRUCK Filed Feb. l, 1946 5 SheetS-Sheet 5 lmvem'm FRED BISZANTZ ETT@ QNEHE atentecl May 30, 195() GARBAGE TRUCK Fred Biszantz, Galion, Ohio, assigner to Galion Metallic Vault Company, Galion, Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Application February 1, 1946, Serial Noiifllli` claims. (c1. '2id-67) The-present invention relatestogarbage trucks andl more particularly to trucks of this character in which the garbage is automatically loaded :fromY a hopper into the interior 'of the truck.

The prior `forms o1" automatic loading garbagetrucks employ afrotating screw set on an incline and tlieigarbage is deposited at the `lower end or the screw, which conveys thematerial upwardly into the body of the truck.` AWhile this form yor` conveying mechanismis `fairlysatisfactory, it has been found that the inclined screw tendsto become clogged when hard,isolid objects, such as tin cans and the like,` areiincluded inthe garbage sothat it often becomes necessary to reversethe` direction of the motion of the screw in order to relieve the mechanism. Another disadvantage of i the screw form of feed is that the quantity ofl garbage that can be handled is rather limitedo The piinaryobject of the inv'elfl'tion'is' .toipiw vide an improved garbage truck which conveys the garbage from the 'hopper to the truck"in terior by means of a sweeping or swinging varie" ofconsiderable area so as to accommodate larger quantities of garbage. While a single vane lis; preferably employed, the 4arrangement Ais such that the blade swings from one side o'f actu-1' ator drum tothe other sideby a camming opera tion whichr presents the blade to 'the garbage` twice duri'ng every revolution Vor" the drum.

Another object is t provide a garbage truck of the automatic feed type whion continually eats and digests the garbage at'a steady flwin'stead of absorbing it in indigestible hatches.`

` `Still another object isito provide `an improved" garbage truck inwhich aconeiderabie compres" sion of` the garbage obtained as it passes from the hopper to the truck interior end this come pression effectfcauses a dehydration of' the` con` tents as well aspermitting the full utilization of tlie'interior ofthe truck. 4

Another object ioto` provide e vehicle of the type'described inr which the loadingl oi the gare bage is"conven`ient and'simple, and nofdo'orsliav to te opened or nosed. p

Still another object is to provide a garbage truck of the dumpbo'dy type and in which the* contents maylbe dumped with the ass'iirance that it cannot tip over `backwards and there are nd encumbrances to prevent the'oontents'froin slida ing.

Further Objects and features will be' apparent"Y as the specification is `p'erused in connection with" the accompanying drawings, in which:`

Figure 1 represents the rear side viewof the improved garbage truck with a portion brokeri taken through the hopper andthe swingable vane mechanism, the position of the vane or paddle being different in the twoiigures.

`Figure 5 isa viewtaken al-ongtheline 5;-5 in Figure 6.

Figure 6 isa crosssectionalview taken. through the vane when the latter .is in' `a vertical position as shown in 'lfigure` The section is "taken along linee-6 in Figure 5.

Figure .7 is a view similar to Figure 5 except' that it is teken eioog iiie 1-1 in Figure a l Figure 8 isa sectional view, injenlarged form, taken along line 8-8 in Figure to shawl-in detail the mechanism associated with `the swing-` able yane element.

Figure 9 shows in diagram atypical form-.of hydraulic system which can be employed to actuate various hydraulic motors-in tilting .the body, also operating. the end ,gateandin causing the garbage `pusher vane tofswing.

Figure -10 is a detail Vsection view rtaken .along` line AIii-I in Figure 6.

.Referring `more .particularly` to Figure l, reierence character ,I designates the body ci the garbagei-truckiwhichiis preferably completely enclosed except for the opening-atr the rear in` which the garbage `is` introduced.` Thebedy is providedwith aliioor or-platformi which issepaf ratedfby cross holsters-3 from two or more longitudinalisills 4; Atl each-side of` the truck, `near the rear end, heavy trunnions o are provided,`

mountedon suitable plates and-the latter are carried byv heavyfframe members Si. These members may bespring supported from an axle `(not shown) on'which wheels I are mcuntedl Agpump 8 is carried on th'ef'ranie members 6; this Fpump being' actuated from the'engine (not shown) of` the truck and serves,'amongotherfunctions t`o` bedes cr'ibed h'e`reina'fter,to elevate 'the body 'from the horizontalposition shown to an inclinedpoe sitionindicat'ed generally by the `dotedash lines'9. For this purpose, the? usual form of tilting appa` ratos T0" may be employed, `connected through suitable levers to la hydraulic motor `(usually o'f' a reciprocatory type as will be further explained inboniiectio with the hydraulic circuit)` andl supplied with pressure fluid from the pump 8. The tilting or dumping mechanism forms no part of the present invention and, therefore, no detailed description appears to be necessary.

The end of the truck is provided with a swingable tail door II pivoted at I2, this door being adapted to move outwardly when the body is in tilting or dumping position. A pair of inwardly projecting lug plates I3 are oppositioned at opposite sides of the door II near the top. An expansible hydraulic element I4 is connected between each of the plates I3 and a swivel lug I5 which is secured to the top stationary portion of the body. When pressure is applied to each element I4, as will be explained in connection with the hydraulic system (Figure 9), the piston with-- in the cylinder is moved to push the plates I3 away from the lugs I5 and thus, swing the door Il about its pivots I2. 'Irhe application of pressure fluid to each cylinder I4 is controlled by a hand lever I6 operated through a valve I1, the

pressure iiuid being obtained from the pump 8.

Hopper mechanism As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the hopper may comprise a hollow housing formed of heavy sheet metal and supported at the top by a transversely extending framework I9 carried on upright portions which are secured in any suitable manner to the oor of the truck. The framework also includes al separate compartment 2l which houses the actuating mechanism generally indicated at 22 for the pusher vane contained within the hopper housing. A heavy bracket 23 is also secured to the platform 2 of the truck, and extends downwardly for carrying a valve 24 and an associated hydraulic motor which is adapted to rotate the actuating mechanism 22 of the hopper. It is apparent that the entire hopper and all of the associated mechanism including the hydraulic motor, valve, etc., are carried by the platform 2 of the truck so that as the truck body is raised to a dumping position these various elements travel with the body as indicated by the dot-dash lines 25 in Figure 1.

As shown in Figures 4 to '1 inclusive, the housing I8 takes a semi-circular shape at the bottom and a combined triangular and flat shape at the top, the bottom portion being completely closed except for a small drainage opening 26 which leads into a tank 21 secured to the bottom of the housing. The housing I8 is'quite wide so as to accommodate a large amount of garbage and the inlet to the housing is constituted of an opening 28 in one of the inclined sides and of suiiicient size to accommodate an ordinary garbage pail or can 29. The outlet or discharge opening of the housing is indicated at 30, the lower edge of this opening being on approximately the same line as the level of the platform 2. It will be understood that the sides of thehousing I8 are completely closed by plates 3I; these sides may be provided with a shoulder indicated at 32, Figure 6, for accommodating a pair of heavy plates 33 which constitute end cover members for a pair of drum segments 35. Cam tracks 34 may be constituted of a pair of rectangular uprights extending inwardly from each of the plates 3l and positioned parallel with respect to one another. These uprights take a general curvilinear shape for purposes which will be explained presently and terminate at the top at a position at the approximate center of the opening 28. The drum 35 is split down the center to form two parts which are separated from one another and each part is closed at the end by one of the cover plates 33. As shown in Figure 6, the latter loosely abut the inner sur faces of the housing at each side and are supported on the shoulder 32 of the housing.

The plates 36 extend diametrically across each semi-circular segment of the drum and these plates are spaced apart a difference sufficient to slidably receive a metal vane or paddle 31. If desired, ribs 31 may be employed to add stiffness to the drum and also to the mid-diametral portion of the plates 35. These ribs are preferably positioned about 90" removed from the plates 36 as shown in Figure 5. The Vane is constituted of a relatively heavy metal plate and has a length approximately the same as the length of the drum 35, but a width oi approximately twice the diametral distance of the drum so that a considerable portion of the vane extends below the drum as can be seen in Figure 5.

In order to prevent the vane 31 from moving lengthwise of the drum and also to give s-upport to the edges of the vane where it contacts the end plates 33, a structure of the character shown in Figures '1 and 10 may be employed. On each side of the vane, there is secured to the end plates 33, a member 31" of angular cross-- section .which extends across the diameter ofeach drum segment and has a length approxi-` mately the same as the drum diameter. The

outer flange portion of each member extends inwardly toward the vane, on each side, and the plate 36 of each drum segment extends only as far as the outer surface of these ange portions, i. e., between the flanges at opposite ends of the drum. A pair of narrow metal strips 38 are se-l cured to the .vane 31 on both sides and at each end, these strips having the same length as the,

entire width of the blade (Figure 7). The strips are positioned on the opposite side of the flange portions or members 31 from the plates 36. These strips 38 slidably contact over a limited portion of their lengths, the inner surface of the flange portions of the members 31 so that the strips not only serve as giving added support to the ends of each vane and particularly that portion of the vane which is being momentarily received by the space between the drum segments but also serve as stops for preventing any excessive end play of the vane as it slides between the plates 36.

Thervane 31 is provided at each end with a roller 39, this roller having a diameter somewhat less than the distance between the projections 34. The arrangement is such that as the drum 35 is rotated in a manner which will be described presently, the lower roller 39 is constrained to the path determined by the projections 34 and as will be noted, this path becomes shorter as the vane moves either to the right or left of the center of Figure 5. Thus, the vane is caused to slide between the plates 36 of the drum 35. The reason for requiring the vane to slide in this manner as it swings with the rotating drum 35 is to assure that the end of the vane will always contact or scrape the lower portion of the housing I8. It will be noted in this connection that the cam tracks 34 are given the proper conguration or path direction to accomplish this eiect. The housing has a rounded configuration at the bottom (Figure 5) which actually is eccentric with respect to the center 4U, thus extending toward the center until it approaches the flat vertical portion 4|. Consequently, the garbage that has been emptied from the can 29 into the housing at the attesta relatively large and then it becomes more and' m'ore restricted as the vane 31 proceedsfroin the vertical position to a horizontal position (clockwise movement). Consequently, the garbage is' compressed into approximately one-half the space thatit originally occupied by this sweeping action' i" ofthe vane in moving from the horizontal position at onesideof the housing toa corresponde' ing position at the opposite side, The fluid or liquor that is squeezedfrom the garbage during this cbmpressing action can flow through the opening `26 into the tank 21l from which' it Vis periodically drained. A scraper 4l of anywell known and suitable type may be mounted endwisefon opposite sides of the housing tokeep the drum reasonably free from clinging pieces ofi garbage.

`ifictuatimy mechanism `for rotating the drum 35 It has been pointed out that the drum is carried on the end plates-33. These plates fit loosely between the sides 42 of the housing I8 so as to permit a sliding movement and are carried on a pair o f shafts 43 (Figure 6). Each of the latter is provided with the inner race of a ball `bearing 45 of which the outer race is xedly held Within a circular pocket 46 secured to the partitions 4 2 ofthe housing. If desired, packing material 41 may be interposed between each of the ball `bearings and the partitions 42 to prevent the escape of liquor from the interior of the housingto the ball bearing. One of the shafts 43 is continued through the closure member of the left hand pocket (Figure 6) to terminate in a shaftportion 4B. A worm gear 49 is keyed to the latter as indicated at 56 and bolted as at 5I.

Referring now to Figure 3, the worm gear 49 meshes with a worm 52 which is carried on a shaft 53 journalled at 54 to the interior surface of the housing. A worm gear 55 is keyed tothe shaft 53 and this gear meshes with a worm 56. The worm 56 is keyed to a shaft 51 (Figure` 8) which is journalled at 56 in a suitable pocket housing 59 secured in any suitable manner to the housing I8. The bearings 58 are preferably of the frictionless ball bearing type. The shaft 51 extends through the right hand bearing Vas seen in Figure 8 and carries a tooth coupling member 60 of any suitable and well known type. The

other half of the coupling is carried by a shaft 6| which is driven by'a hydraulic motor Zllpreferably of the rotary type which is secured toY the bracket 23. Inlet and outlet conduits S2, 63`(Fig ure 2) are taken to the m'otor 2Q, these conduits being in communication with the main pump and fluid reservoir respectively as will be described in connection with the hydraulic system. Thus, as the motor 24 is caused to rotate the worm' 56 is turned, causing the worm gear and the worm l 52 to rotate which in turn provides a rotary eie'ct for the drum 35.

It has been explained that when the drum rotates, the vane 31 is caused to swing aboutthe center 46 andthe cam tracks 34caus`es the vane The' hydrauh'isgtemf Referring to figure 9, the main tiltingor dumpinemeier Qiwlih there.; naar be @W0 @er .truck is represented by thecylinder 6 4 and-its contained piston 65: The usejof a `reciprocatoryimotor of this type in connection with a truck` tilting operatiniiiswell` known `so that no further description; oftheudetails is necessary YThe iliitingrside of the pistoniisincon1-` munication withr a-conduit'GS which leads to a four-way valve j61 of any suitable and well known types` 'I1-he opposite sideof the piston is'A provided-with a` conduit-V 68p` which also leads to' the sameva-lve.- Pipes -69 and 'l0V connect with a" valve `1l-ljiaving alpair of` parallel-passageways andconduits 12;. 13 'aretakn-from `the va1ve ''l tn a mainpump and aireservoir 14 respectively. 'I hereisj a relief by-pass valve-15 vand anas` sociated conduitx16 connectedfacrossthe pump 8 Whichgopens when excess pressure is `developed*` anywhere` in the hydraulic system-due perhaps toian obstruction.`

f lheyreardoor ppen ing,a ntllclosingv motors are indicated by a,pair` of `.c :ylindersj I4 positioned at each: side of l the 4fdoorr 1-and; connected in parallel through a cn'tluit- 11. This conduit extendsthrough a ,pipe 18 tioa 4three-way valve 19 having a valve` stem 80. A conduit 8lV is taken-from the valve 19=1to tl 1 e.res ivoir 14f7a`nd a conduit 82Y is also connectedvbetween the valve 19 and-the main- Dlllil. t A. t

Thus, when it isf fd'sied toer'npty the truck ofV garbage by a dumpin'gaction "the valvestemA 86 move'drbiq a--handla 33 tor such a position-.that pressure fluid flbws.f. fro'm` the Vpump-.8 to the top side of the pistens 84. The latter .applies-pressuretothe lug plates. I3 (Figure 1) which causes 'me` addr. rito` swing about itsjswi'vel l2., simulta-neously'vuithlthis' operationthe valvestein 85 of` the valve 61 i`s moved by 'a handle (not shown) to "a positionfsuchthat pressure uidA passes from the pmpje tnrough-jth'e'ednduit 13, pipe te" topipe '66,ca1ising ft plston to move to` the rightiand thus te hoist tneibquypf thetruck te me clt-dash une indicated intrigue 1. It is b'vfi9us1y,assumeu thatthe (valve il has been rotated toa ptisition they openings ther h "'ur,1i.,res's r, iiihythe .Cnduiis i?, 1.3-` 'lhelexhaust fluid"from ftlie rightjhand V Sicile of Wthe piston 65i`s leadth ghthecond'uit` tV valve 61,thrdugh conduit? thence to lthereservoir 141 `Inlorder tgfreturnf he truckbody to its horizontal lpositionafter disposi ing o f the contained garbage! the valve 61 is operated to a positionsuch that pressurenuid is admaedmthe coduit 618 while. therme 66 is hief-i, ing exiiau sted.4 Atthe samejtine; theyhanjqie-1e isfoprated to Yexhaust the to'1`g's-de `if `the pistons sa thrgnthepip Blandine aqr wingtc itsiclsedl'pditinfas"theftruckibddycm stoisti anomalieV The hydraulic motor 24 is supplied with pressure fluid through a conduit 86, connected through an emergency valve 81 to 'a conduit 88 which leads to a four-way reversing valve 89 of any well known and suitable type. The other side of the motor is connected through a conduit 90, the valve 81 to a conduit 9| which also leads to the reversing valve 89. A pressure fluid pipe 92Y and an exhaust pipe 93 are connected to the valve 1l. There is a pair of pipes 94, 95 connecting the valve 1l with the exhaust pipe 12 and the fluid pressure pipes 13 respectively. Assume that the valve 1l has been moved to the position shown in Figure 9 and that the valve 81 has been rotated clockwise such that the :conduit 86 is in communication with the conduit 88, which would bring the conduit 90 in communication with the conduit 9|. tion indicated in this figure, pressure fluid will pass from the pump 8 through the valve 1I, the conduits 92, 88, and 88 to the motor 24. This motor will cause the drum 35 to rotate and which in turn gives rise to a reciprocatory movement of the vane 31 as was explained 'hereinbefore If, for any reason, there is any clogging effect or obstruction of any kind encountered within the hopper as, for example, when tin cans are contained in the garbage, the operator, if he notices this condition, will immediately rotate the valve 81 to the position shown in the figure which in effect by-iasses the pump because a direct connection has been established between the pressure line 88 and the exhaust line 9 I, and this will immediately stop the rotary movement of the vane 31. Should the operator desire to reverse the movement of the vane so yas to clear the obstruction in this Vmanner, it is simply necessary to move the reversing valve 89 to a position such that the conduit 98 now becomes the pressure line and the conduit 88 the exhaust line and the motor 24 will rotate in the opposite direction. If the obstruction appears without the notice of the operator and is sufliciently severe to cause an excessive back pressure to develop anywhere in the system, the valve will open to discharge the output of the pump 8 directly back to the reservoir. This valve will also act in this manner should any excess pressure be developed in either of the hydraulic motors 94 or I4. Consequently, considerable protection against all exiggencies within the system is obtained and yet exibility of operation is assured.

It will be noted that by requiring the pressure iluid which operates each ofthe motors 64 and 24 to pass through the same valve 1l, complete independence of the operation of these two motors with respect to one another is obtained so that it would be impossible to operate the vane rotating motor while the dumping or hoist motor B4 is being operated and vice versa. Consequently, the garbage pushing and compressing device can be operated only when the truck body is in a horizontal position, thus ready to receive the garbage and the body can be hoisted or tilted only after the vane rotating mechanism has stopped. This arrangement adds a high degree of protection to the operation of the structure as a whole.

It will be further noted that the garbage pump consisting of the rotary vane 31 and the housing I8 is part of, and integrallyV mounted in the body of the truck so that it yparticipates in the movement of the body as the latter is swung about its pivots 5. The contents of the body will therefore readily slide over the exterior surface As the valve 89 is left in the posiof this pump housing. In order further to prevent the garbage from falling into any of the moving parts of the truck either while the bodyl is being hoisted to the disposal position or While garbage is being connected and received into the hopper, all sides of the truck body are preferably extended well down over the wheels as indicated by the tail plate (Figure 2) and the side plates 91 (Figure l) forming integral parts of the body. These tail and side plates also serve to protect the various pumps and valves from external impacts and assure their continued operation by preventing mud from being splattered thereon.

It will be understood that I desire to comprehend within my invention such modications as come vwithin the scope of the claims and the invention.

Having thus explained my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: Y

l. In combination, a truck frame, a body mounted thereon, an opening in the body for receiving waste material, said opening leading into a compartment within the body which becomes progressively smaller away from the opening, means including a swingable vane for moving the material through said compartment into the interior of the body, said vane being adapted to n move in the direction of its width so as to ac commodate the change in the size of said compartment as the vane pushes the waste material from the opening into the body of the truck, and means for removing from the compartment the liquid exuded by such waste material as it is compressed during the passageway through said compartment. Y

2. In combination, a truck frame, a body mounted thereon, a housing secured thereto into' which rwaste material is rst deposited, an opening in said housing for receiving the waste material, means including a swlngable element for pushing the material away from said opening through the interior oi the housing and into the body, said element being adapted to swing through a space which becomes progressively smaller as the element approaches said body whereby the waste material is caused to be compressed as it moves into the interior of the body,r

and a sump connected to receive the liquid squeezed from the `waste material during its movement by said element.

3. In combination, a truck frame, a body mounted thereon, an opening in the body for receiving waste material, said opening leading into a compartment Within the body which becomes progressively smaller as the interior of the body is approached, means including a swingable vane for moving the material through said compartment into the interior of the body, said vane being guided to move in the direction of its width so as to have one edge closely adjacent the interior surface oi the compartment thereby to accommodate the change in the size of said compartment and to be in contact therewith as the vane pushes the Waste material from the opening through the compartment into the body of the truck and a chamber connected with the lowermost part of said compartment for collecting liquids squeezed from the waste material during movement thereof by said vane.

4. In combination, a truck frame, a body pivotally mounted adjacent its rear end on said frame for tilting in the vertical direction, a compartment at the bottom rear end of said body forming a part thereof and having an opening exposed to the exterior of the body for receiving Waste material and another opening communieating with the interior of the body and means including a swingable vane ipositioned Within said compartment for moving said material away from the external opening through the compartment and into the interior of the body, said compartment being substantially closed at a position which constitutes the temporary uppermost surface when the body is tilted in the vertical direction whereby the Waste material is caused to 110W by gravity over the floor of the body and over said compartment to the exterior of the truck when the body is tilted in the vertical 15 direction.

5. In combination, a truck frame, a body mounted thereon, means pivoting said body on said frame on a transverse axis adjacent the rear end of said body, a compartment formed in said body for receiving Waste material, and positioned largely to the rear of Said axis, said compartment including an arcuate channel which becomes progressively smaller from the exterior of the truck to the interior thereof, a rotary vane contacting the surface of said compartment through its variations of dimensions for moving the Waste material through the compartment and simultaneously compressing the same, a cam .which constrains the vane to move in the direction of its width in order to cause the 10 one edge of the vane to scrape the compartment throughout the length of travel of the Waste material through the compartment, and a sump connected with the lowermost portion of said channel for receiving liquids squeezed from the Waste material during its passage through said channel.

FRED BISZANTZ.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 902,115 Sharp Oct. 217, 1908 1,996,945 Ballert Apr. 9, 1935 2,034,674 Edwards Mar. 17, 1936 2,151,886 Barrett Mar. 28, 1939 2,212,058 Wood Aug. 20, 1940 2,263,199 Wachter et al. Nov. 18, 1941 2,286,537 Gorsuch June 16, 1942 2,307,692 Linde Jan. 5, 1943 2,335,155 Lee Nov. 23, 1943 2,391,813 Wood Dec. 25, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 46,003 France Dec. 3, 1935 825,873 France Dec. 16, 1937 471,774 Germany Feb. 19, 1929 

